Monday, December 22, 2008
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Best Saag Aloo Recipe
INFORMAZIONI TEMPLARI 3° SERIE - IL NUOVO SITO WEB
www.informazionitemplari.org 
E 'on line after more than ten years, the third set of information Templars, the website edited by prof. Gabriele Petromilli, in collaboration with the Mystery Investigation & Research - MIR
www.informazionitemplari.org
Saturday, December 20, 2008
Krakow Beer Price 2010
Extravagances in Dublin.
SAN MICHELE THE MUMMY AND THE TEMPLAR
Gabriele Petromilli
James, "Scarlet Pimpernel" TEMPLAR (Gabriele Petromilli) -
The papal letter also reached Bishop of Jesi in office during that time, Leonardo Alatri. Faithful to the papal prescription, good Leonardo put on a list of nine names of knights in his diocese. It added a list of six from the diocese of Osimo, Ancona, and a more than five Templars stationed in Fano, Pesaro and in neighboring commanderie. In all twenty knights. We know the names of some of them: Brother Bentivoglio Iobbi of Foligno, Brother Bonaventure Hills in Rieti, brother of Teomondo imposed by Filottrano and his blood brother, Guido. The process followed in March 1313 was celebrated in the cathedral of Ancona. Contrary to the expectations of today's historians who made extensive comments, magistrates, clergymen formula with full acquitted all the accused, although they were judged by the burden of their absence. Unlike other Templars went in a different criminal proceedings, held in the second instance in the city of Recanati in 1313, of which we know little or nothing. On this occasion, a temple of Puglia, this brother Benedicto de 'Cosco from Trani, was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of five years. On the sidelines of the news, there is a rumor that a canonical order of friars Silvestrini Osimani was publicly rebuked by a superior for having given hospitality for years at a convent Recanati rider involved in the process, this brother Vanni. Considering the known response received by the bishops of the brand, I suppose that Pope Clement had been quite upset. Above all, it was not to know where he had hidden a special temple, a knight of high office, a large visitor "of the Order from 1294, possibly because of accommodation in the Piceno territory of the stones of the holy house of Nazareth was resulted in the March, I presume to follow the operation. Recanati was evidently that of a territory in which the zealous Bishop Leonardo had informants inefficient. The name of this temple was Jacopo da Montecucco.
What is known, researchers have the historical conterraneità with Jacopo belong to three Italian regions. The reason is existence in their areas of Mount Cucco (in slang: old, finished in expectations, or senile). It is in Campania, Piedmont and the Marches. In this region the mountains are even two chumps. One of these defines the border between the Marche and Umbria, the mountain is located near the present district city of Fabriano. The other, which is more hill mountain, lies near San Giorgio di Pesaro. James would probably originates in the area of \u200b\u200bSaluzzo, Piedmont. Otherwise indicated they support the hypothesis. Among these, the most significant, it would be a document of 1269. However, in a cartulary probably dates back to 1277 found in Perugia, reference is made to a temple named Brother James of Montecucco, for years, was stationed in a Commandery of central Italy, specifically in Foligno. Its geographical proximity of the Umbrian town with the ski town of Fabriano, where you turn up the Monte Cucco, however, would prefer the source of our Umbria-Marche in the absence of requirements. James also featured in the list of names of the Knights Templar sought, in fact, in 1308. The list was made by some bishops to publicly expose the gates of Umbria's most important churches of Gubbio, Foligno and Spoleto. Also on this occasion, James was not detected any trace, as if it never existed or who had never ridden in the green hills of the Umbrian countryside.
What secret would bring this temple, certainly not the youngest in 1308, to do if the cops unleash behind papal middle Italy? What sins could have been so serious stain to be tried with so much zeal? Nevertheless, Pope John XXII, successor of Clement, in 1328 again asked the bishops of central information if they had heard from James. Indeed it seems that against him had been arranged a real manhunt. It would have been ordered by the bishop of Viterbo in 1320. The ambush, which never would have been successful, would end with death, it is believed for an accidental fall from a wagon, the secretary of the bishop of Spoleto. It is assumed that the reason for such obstinacy was due to the nature of the charge covered by Jacopo. In fact, its responsibility within the Order, which was a sort of spiritual reference point for riders, would allow to know the unmentionable issues concerning the faith of many of them, or sins against the Church
situations similar to those created for the brand since 1308, would have occurred in previous years, in Francia dopo le deposizioni mercenarie del capitano templare di Montfauçon, certo Esquin de Floiran. Per inciso, è bene rammentare che queste deposizioni diedero il via alle accuse formali enunciate contro l’Orine Templare dagli scherani di Filippo il Bello calunnie che, come molti sanno bene, condussero al celebre processo ed alla sospensione dell’Ordine dalle sue funzioni istituzionali in seno a santa madre Chiesa. A nulla valse, a fronte dell’accanimento verso i Templari del monarca francese, l’atto di discolpa emesso da Clemente V a favore dell’Ordine, del quale di recente si è fatto un grande dire. Nel 1305, l’anno del tradimento di de Floiran, le Crociate e l’avventura cristiana in Terrasanta were basically already completed. Almost all quotas Templar fighters had returned to Europe. The city of Paris had been chosen by the Grand Master Jacques de Molay as the logistic entire order after long thoughts. Taverns and meeting collective centers in the major cities of France, the agitprop of the king had already started to provide news defamation in the Knights Templar, veterans or not the Holy Places that were. Boire comme un Templier, drunk as a Templar, was one of the phrases most benevolent towards riders who could have been heard, those that moved like snakes in the rues of Paris and most of the villes of France. Also already looming over the heads of the Templars a sword of Damocles: the infamous rumor to be subservient to the idol Baphomet, never worshiped by the Templars, but a mere distortion of the French name Muhammad, the prophet of the prophets against whose co-religionists, however, the Knights Templar had brought him the hands for nearly two centuries in the lands of Outremer and Spain. The admission of Esquina de Floiran fell like cheese on macaroni Philip the Fair. Indeed, after a few days in the entire region of the Rhone bargelli illegally emitted subpoenas against the Templars, while not forgetting to tell the religious authorities responsible for supervising the alleged idolatry followed in the Order. Of the one hundred twenty-three Knights in elenco, nessuno di essi si sarebbe presentato nelle caserme del re. Di loro si seppe più niente. Svaniti nel nulla. Come avvenne pochi anni dopo nel caso di Jacopo da Montecucco, il super ricercato della Marca. Alcuni storici di peso hanno ipotizzato che molti di essi si fossero rifugiati alla spicciolata in Normandia presso certe abbazie cistercensi, che altri fossero invece arrivati a Calais, e che da qui avessero raggiunto per mare i territori britannici e
Nelle pieghe della storia è nota anche la scomparsa del templare Pietro da Bologna, il giurista italiano patrocinatore di ben cinquecentocinquanta cavalieri nelle udienze processuali del palazzo episcopale di Parigi, tenute dal 12 novembre 1309 al 15 maggio 1310. Durante le ultime arringhe, Pietro da accusato si era fatto accusatore. Aveva puntato il dito contro gli eccessi degli uomini di Filippo il Bello, in primis di quelli del gran cancelliere Guglielmo de Nogaret. Aveva confutato ogni capo d’accusa duramente, e facilmente ne aveva avuto ragione. Aveva rilevato che le menzogne contro l’Ordine avessero avuto peso e vita soltanto in terra di Francia. Soprattutto, aveva dimostrato come l’Ordine si fosse mantenuto, per tutto il tempo della sua esistenza, nella purezza originale. La filippiche di Pietro avevano fatto breccia nell’animo di molti magistrati ecclesiastici presenti alle udienze, tanto da potere compromettere l’evoluzione già stabilita da Filippo dell’intero iter processuale. Il 13 maggio del 1310 fratel Pietro da Bologna, il principale avvocato difensore dell’Ordine, non si presentò all’udienza. I cancellieri ordinarono ai bargelli di rintracciarlo e di condurlo nella sede processuale. Ma Pietro non si trovò, era scomparso. Mai più fu trovato. Ma forse sarebbe meglio dire era stato fatto scomparire, per sempre. Un altro caso di sparizione si sarebbe registrato nella contea di Saint Joseph, situata lungo la direttiva sud orientale della città santa, Gerusalemme. Fu una contea fortemente voluta e creata dalla monarchia francese. Una tradizione radicata afferma che un drappello di otto cavalieri del Tempio fossero caduti prigionieri di un’avanguardia islamica. Che i nemici avessero chiesto un riscatto per la their release, but the refusal to grant the Templars had all been spent in line with the sword. Of the eight riders would not have had more news until July 1196, when one of them, Brother Berengar de Chardeneau, unexpectedly reappeared in battered appearance at a Commander of the Order of Jaffa. They have argued that none of the eight fellow soldiers had been killed, but that all were sold as slaves after being forced to renounce the faith of Christ and to embrace that of Allah. He himself would have fled by the manacles of a Saracen galley and would have achieved so daring, years later, their comrades in arms.
FACCIAMO UN PO’ DI CHIAREZZA: IL BAFOMETTO (di Gabriele Petromilli) -
Nei primissimi anni del secolo quattordicesimo, in Francia circolavano voci calunniose su certe pratiche compiute dai Templari all’interno delle commanderie. Non soltanto nelle bettole delle maggiori città francesi, ma anche nei luoghi culturalmente più sviluppati, nelle chiese e nelle abbazie, gli agitatori di re Filippo il Bello avevano iniziato artatamente a diffondere maldicenze pesanti sulla condotta morale di coloro che il sovrano aveva deciso di distruggere definitivamente, i Templari. Tra queste voci, una delle più diffuse fu quella della venerazione e della sottomissione nei confronti a kind of idol with "red-eye ... anthrax, half male and half female, which would be used also physically in accordance with the sexual preferences of individual riders. To realize the complete lack of substance in allegations ye say, just remember the high ethical common sense that pervaded Europe in the Middle Ages. A noble collective feeling of shame, even by well-defined highs contemporary medievalists, for example by Jacques Le Goff in his essay appreciated Daily Life in the Middle Ages. The admission of a hired captain Templar Montfaucon guilty of murder, who had traded insults and slanders with his head turned to his own Order, the false confessions other riders, extracted with the use of torture, but above all the discovery in the Paris headquarters of the Order of leather and a wooden bust of a bearded man bearing the legend in Roman glossary caput LVI, determined in the courts of process memorable belief that the totem worshiped by the Templars who was said to constitute an indisputable reality. For this reason, in the opinion of many commentators and has arisen as many occultists the conviction that the Templars worshiped a mysterious figure had actually androgynous with extraordinary powers, handed down in history as the Baphomet. This was not, however, the real crux of the matter.
The word Baphomet (in Italian Bafometto) è stato oggetto di numerose interpretazioni. A margine delle circostanze, c’è da dire che durante il Medioevo e nelle epoche successive furono in circolazione in Europa, localizzate soprattutto nelle regioni del meridione francese e nei territori ad ovest di Praga, delle varietà di macchine automatizzate che, tra le altre loro funzioni, potevano segnare il tempo od eseguire operazioni matematiche elementari. Nella maggioranza dei casi i meccanismi interni erano camuffati con forme umane, da figure velate di donne o di uomini barbuti in abiti orientali. In proposito, si dice che il famoso medico Paracelso avesse posseduto un automa capace di pronunciare nomi e di eseguire diagnosi sui malati. Anche papa Silvestro II, al secolo Gerberto d’Aurillac, considerato dalla tradizione occultista un mago potentissimo, avrebbe usato una testa di moro artefatta per ottenere risposte ai quesiti che lui e i suoi sodali le avrebbero rivolto. Certo, le leggende sono leggende, ma le ciance su queste macchine erano bene sviluppate tra i vip d’Europa già sul finire del secolo tredicesimo. In tal senso, la figura antropomorfa con la quale questi fantocci si presentavano, avrebbe potuto indurre certuni a confonderli, in buona o in mala fede, con misteriosi feticci pagani ritenuti prodigiosi. C’è anche da dire che, soprattutto nella Francia meridionale, nel Medioevo non era raro imbattersi in moschee islamiche, fatte edificare da colonie di saraceni o di turchi i quali, da epoche immemorabili, bazzicavano this stretch of coast of Europe. E 'was established by history and by authoritative language that mosques in medieval land of France had taken the name of baphometéries or baphoméries (maometterie "), as deformation of the name Muhammad. According to these indications, would clear the name Baphomet Muhammad. The image of Baphomet was placed between the figures of the portal of the churches of Paris Saint-Méry, those in the church of Sainte-Croix of Provins in the left side of Saint-Brisse-le-Vineaux of Auxerre, in the Pyrenees . In each case, the location of the statues of Baphomet is subsequent to the dissolution of the Order, although the buildings belonged previously in the Temple. It appears that the sculptors of the images have decided to recall the popular belief that the Templars were guardians of a secret religious symbolized and materialized in this idol, but it does not seem be part of the complex knowledge of the original Templars worship. The head of a bearded man was reproduced in the official seals of the Order present in Bavaria and Hungary. It would be a seal of 1265 examples of the great preceptor of Bavaria, brother Cedric Ditronie Shoenengau and a dignitary of the region Kodradt, in the south-western Hungary, Brother Cupis Mutt. Quest 'latest findings date back to the early fourteenth century. Scholars sfragistica have much discussion about the identity of man recorded in seals Knights Templar. Some experts have identified them in the classic Baphomet, others with St. John the Baptist, others even with the man of the shroud. However it may be, a combination of historical facts shows that within the Templar Order had been given the force of a mysterious bearded character, however, divorced from reverence in the terms proposed in the acts inquisitors. Probably it was a symbolic character, which scholars of all ages have tried, again without significant results, to identify. Space still seems to have imagination. How is the macabre legend, spreading to Europe during the Romantic period, the Knight Templar of Sidon, who, hopelessly in love with a noble lady, would not hesitate to mate secretly, at night, with her corpse. From the gruesome union was born the Baphomet. The story should be interpreted and evaluated in symbolic terms, not in a literal sense (sic) as many occultists did in the early years of last century. In some occultists active across the Alps in the nineteenth century the word Baphomet is an acrostic, a strained interpretation of lexical Ab Ophibus Templum, or "The Temple (comes) from snakes." Others, with a transposition of alchemical inspiration, they talked about Baphèus meth, that is, "Painter of the Moon." None of these positions, however, has held up in comparison. The first explanation has brought up the alleged link between the ancient Gnostic doctrines, particularly those of the sect of Ophites, the veneration of serpents, the primitive knowledge of the Templars. As evidence of the fact, contemporary proponents of the thesis have underlined that the Ophites had practiced the same rituals of which the Templars were accused: The bisexual sodomy and the orgiastic worship of the phallic type. But the story does not give them reason: not only has never been proven in a court sensibly that the knights had practiced rituals Ophites explicitly, but the issues that drew the Ophites were not present at any time, or only vaguely hinted at, in particular literature and iconography of the Temple. The famous scholar Gershom Scholem jew esotericism, about the alleged totem of the Templars, has warned that the Jewish literary tradition this was the figure of God as androgynous bearded, the parsufim, to which some communities of Asia Minor would have Reference worship during the hottest time of the Crusades. In this case, the reference to Baphomet seems to be quite explicit. The Austrian philologist Joseph Hammer, a highly successful book entitled Baphomet revealed, identified the fetish of the Templars believed in a deity atavistic androgynous, assuming that magical rites of a sexual nature and wild orgies they had characterized the worship from time immemorial. It 'possible that the Knights Templar were versed in the rituals of magic. Cornelius Agrippa, the great sage who lived in the sixteenth century, they would be evaluated as magicians consumed. Even considering other magical precepts from Cornelius ye say, it's easy to imagine that Baphomet, the Templars had set up for a kind of talisman that was hidden in its essence androgynous union of the two largest polarity of the universe, the male and women. Yes, it should be '. But to what end all pretense about it? Almost the same view was Maurice Magre, cioè che i Templari fossero stati in possesso di una statua carica di magica potenzialità, un simulacro sottratto ai Mongoli durante una battaglia nel deserto persiano. Nonostante le congetture, nessuno ancora conosce cosa avesse rappresentato per i Templari la figura barbuta. Che, se fa comodo o diletto, chiamiamola pure Bafometto.
IL VALORE SOCIALE DELLE CONFRATERNITE DEI LAICI (di Lucio Apostoli) -
Durante il Medioevo la caritas, senza dubbio la più nobile delle virtù della teologia, fu il principio ispiratore principale della fratellanza tra la gente. Fu anche un elemento morale basilare per gli impegni, di various kinds, that the secular brotherhood took along their vast journey through history. For example, in the name of Christian charity, the entire community was encouraged to attend the funerals of those who had died and to pray for the salvation of their souls. Even with the material, which is considered inseparable from the spiritual, usually materialized in aid money in the event of sickness, poverty or imprisonment, or visits to the sick, in vigils and funerals. Moreover, the activities of mutual aid was financed by the fees of persons belonging to fraternities, but especially with bequests and donations given to the institutions confraternal. Each brotherhood had its head usually at a church or a convent, and was regulated by a law collection was accurate. Also had its own hierarchy, usually elective, at the height of which was a prior (Chancellor, captain, guardian) who ran the brotherhood with the help of advisers who undertake tasks appropriate. Within a Christian, as early as ninth-tenth century, European nations had gathered in companies organized and directed by lay people. These structures were of different size numbers, intended mainly to works of mercy in the different communities. few exceptions, the spread of the brotherhoods Lay appeared in Italy in particular to the fifteenth century, according to geographical areas and according to the nature of the congregations themselves. In the Italian territories as unions were built mainly of prayer in monastic communities heavily dependent, especially with the mendicant orders (penitential confraternities). Those who also took the name in the language of medieval societas, choirs, congraegationes, conligationes and more, soon became even more popular and dynamic forms of associations of the late Middle Ages. Historians have identified the development of lay confraternities some common elements that have characterized the full. First of all, it was the new way of conceiving the social figure of the needy, the proper way to operate within the framework of mutual assistance. Determinants in the work of lay confraternities were also new systems of interacting with the authorities and religious and secular. However, among the confraternities that most deeply influenced by the powers that be, is to show the so-called Fellow Craft. Were composed mainly of artisans and merchants. For example, in the Florence of the fifteenth century, the immigrant craftsmen from Germany and Flanders founded two guilds of weavers of wool, and another one dedicated to Santa Barbara in Santa Caterina. In the same period, the silk weavers of Lucca joined nella compagnia del Ceppo dei Tessitori, mentre i calzolai di Genova si raggrupparono nel sodalizio di San Sebastiano nel 1474. La stessa solidarietà, che si esplicava anche nelle attività di mutuo soccorso sopra citate, riunì gli artigiani lombardi ad Avignone ed a Bologna. Nondimeno furono molte le città italiane che ospitarono volentieri confraternite, compagnie di mestiere che offrivano assistenza anche religiosa, morale e materiale alla collettività. Le Confraternite diedero vita talvolta anche ad ospedali e ad ospizi per poveretti e per pellegrini. Soprattutto nei frequentissimi periodi di epidemia, esse fornirono quelle cure mediche e il sostegno che le strutture assistenziali cittadine non riuscivano a garantire. Un fenomeno abbastanza diffuso in within the European confraternities in the early decades of the seventeenth century, but whose origins date back to at least a century before, was that the poor called shameful. Ie, persons who, although having a job, were temporarily falls into poverty. So forced with shame, to ask and live on charity. Measures promoted and operated by the late medieval secular brotherhood said the main concerns, therefore, that disturbed the daily life of large sections of the population, both Italian and European disease and death, sudden poverty and imprisonment. Not least, they are also often employed to give a dowry to the young to marry. Unfortunately, it is noted that governments mansions of the different cities often adopt a policy against fluctuating Brotherhoods: sometimes supported or promoted, at other times hindered by repressive measures up to even the abolition decree.
With these assumptions in place until then in Italy, is part of the brand is also an important institution of the brotherhood of Fano Suffrage. He took the name from its original location, the church named Santa Maria, long run by Benedictine nuns. The chronicles say that the frataernitas had been strongly desired by a friar preacher, cappuccino Landriani Matteo da Milano. This religious, lived and died in the odor of sanctity, could final approval by the founding of the Brotherhood 20 April 1618, after obtaining the consent of the bishop Monsignor Tommaso Journal Lapi, regent of the diocese of Fano in those years. In August the foundation of the congregation was ratified in Rome, at
During the Napoleonic occupation of Fano, between 1800 and 1814, the Brotherhood
RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS
The Templars and the Holy House of Loreto (Gabriele Petromilli)
recent historical research, conducted either personally or by Franciscan Father Giuseppe Santarelli, authoritative scholar of history of Loreto, brought down the old, played and impressive tradition of the Holy House of transport through the miraculous work of the angels.
Santarelli, in an essay titled "Notes on the transport document of the Holy House" of 1987, highlighted that the authors of the translation of the holy shrine in Loreto were now venerated generic medieval knights, but without specifying the name assuming those of the Constantinian Angelico, neglecting, however, that in the years of equestrian events this organization had not yet been officially established. The same year I published a book entitled "The Templars and the Holy House of Loreto, where I highlighted the activities of the Temple in the management of the transport of the relic of land in Nazareth Piceno. I reasoned the work of the Order on the basis of historical and political first, second and mythological cult, noting specific references to the archaic traditions picene related to the worship of female deities black, virgin and mother (the goddess Cupra ).
The question of Loreto, for many defined vexed historians to emphasize the labor history, literature and philology which has been subject to religious tradition, began at the end of the nineteenth century and lasted for the next decades. On the basis of documents, almost all late medieval, authentic or tampered with, there was a medley of assumptions and certainties that he found Chevalier, De Feis, Huffer and other children as scholars deny the authenticity of the Holy House, and Thomas, Ranieri and Eschbach as proponents of the historical veracity of the chapel. In substance, the disputes center on two fundamental points: the existence in Loreto area of \u200b\u200ba church dedicated to the cult of the Virgin Mary before the movement, took place in the end of the thirteenth century. In the case of a historical nature is added to an archaeological nature. However, both did not lead to definitive results and unambiguous. The sources were mainly late medieval literary works of Pier Giorgio Tolomei said "Teramo", which must be the beginning of the spread of the tales of angelic transport of the chapel, so miraculous. These tests were followed by those of the Baptist English, saying "Mantua", and Giovan Battista Petrucci. During the fifteenth century, these two authors, although through different approaches, attempted to provide a historical overview of transference, later imitated by Marcoprobo Mariano and Domenico Lazzarelli. In the sixteenth century seventeenth and spoke of the Holy House and Girolamo da Giangiacomo Trissino Mondolfo, Torquato Tasso and Domenico Angelita. E 'be noted that the argument of the traveling body ministerium Angelicum subsequently taken in these centuries only because the text by Andrea Gelsomini of 1625, entitled "The heavenly treasure of devotion to the Virgin Mary."
In the contemporary issue of Loreto has been the subject of study by eminent researchers and scholars improvised. Among the first, remember Francesco Grimaldi, Carlo Bertelli, Bagatti and Testa, who conducted surveys in terms of proper archaeological and Symbolist. Among the latter stands Guido Molina, historian and former mayor of Ancona, who dusted the thesis of supercritical Calmet, of Trombelli and Chevalier, holds forth on the historicity of the Holy House by inaccurate references and denying even the existence of the ancient city of Nazareth.
In the current issue of Loreto, thanks to studies conducted by Father Santarelli and personal ones, we see the restart of the historical conception of the transference of the stones of the Holy House, despite the resistance devotional based on a deep tradition and wonder from some part the clergy. If Our Lady of Loreto was elected patron of the Italian, since according to tradition, his house would be transported in the air, now would be more appropriate to invest guardian of the Navy because it is clear and demonstrated that the stones of the Holy House had arrived in Piceno across the sea. Joking aside, the ancient tradition of the miraculous translation, to which millions of pilgrims visiting the shrine in Loreto have given credit for centuries, is increasingly attenuated. The result is, however, strengthen the spiritual and religious devotion to Mary of Loreto. The sacred message of divine incarnation, tangibly evidenced by the dark stones of Palestine, remained unchanged over the centuries, and this is tramanderà in the minds and hearts of men eager for knowledge.
The key points that suggest the Templar Order's participation in the transport area Loreto of the stones that make up over eighty, now mixed with others, the Marian shrine in the Basilica of Loreto, can be summarized as follows:
1) the testimony of the medieval chroniclers, especially from the biographer of King Louis IX of France, Jean de Joinville, it appears that the Order knew the house and keep it Incarnation in Nazareth.
2) a historical document, and some news show that in early May of 1291, in anticipation of the fall of the Christian stronghold of Acre, a ship full of Templar relics had sailed from the port of Athens, a city then governed by the ducal family of De La Roche, traditionally linked to the Order.
3) It is assumed that the ship had reached Athens, and then was distributed to the port of Brindisi. The chronicler and poet Giovan Battista Petrucci, said she had been attacked and plundered by pirates Illyrians cargo during the voyage. Of the relics was lost. Some years later he found the holy stones as wedding dowry of Isthamar of Epirus, daughter of Nicephorus Angelo Albanian despot.
4) the forest area of \u200b\u200bLoreto, specifically the area of \u200b\u200bRecanati editor (etymologically mons sacer, the sacred mountain) where the stones were originally placed for archaic tradition was considered sacred to the goddess Cupra Piceno, also honored as a virgin and mother, pictured with dark skin color of copper (Cuprum).
5) near the area editor, there was a settlement called St. John de Arcul Templar, an official from the Templar Preceptory of Sant'Angelo in Recanati
6) together with the stone was laid in a wooden icon Montara contained a black Madonna. It would be originated in this way the iconography of the Black Madonna of Loreto, probably in memory of the esoteric powers of the ancient goddess worship and the chromaticism picena Cupra.
7) to complex political and military reasons and thanks to the diplomacy of Pope Celestine V, the stones were returned to the Order of the Holy House, which provided the deposition at the place aforesaid in observance of ancestral worship of the sacred feminine. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe deposition of the holy stones in Sulmona, initially advocated dall'abruzzese Pope Celestine, was abandoned following the known events that led to the abdication of this pontiff (see Dante Alighieri: "... the one who made through cowardice the great refusal ").
8) after the destruction of the Templar Order, the sacred stones were transported on the height called Monte Prodo, where there are still around and who, after many vicissitudes, was built a church and then a Marian basilica. The icon was replaced with a black statue of Mary that was destroyed by fire in 1921. Now is sostituito con una copia esatta. L’esistenza preesistente nel territorio lauretano di un’altra chiesa dedicata al culto della Madonna (Santa Maria de Laureto), non invalida minimamente le ipotesi di ricostruzione delle vicende.
VESTIGIA DEL PASSATO
SAN FILIPPO DE PLANO IN MONTORTO
LA PIU’ IMPORTANTE PRECETTORIA TEMPLARE DELLA MARCA
(di Gabriele Petromilli)
A Montorto (o Montetorto), l’attuale frazione osimana di Casenuove, l’Ordine Templare si stanziò nel 1167 dopo avere assunto in enfiteusi vasti territori della diocesi locale. Nel luogo l’Ordine eresse una chiesa intitolata a San Filippo, alla quale fu aggiunto il nome di San Giacomo dopo la sospensione dell’Ordine nel 1312. Poiché i possedimenti si estendevano in una amplia zona pianeggiante, quantunque a tratti rotta da morbide colline, all’insediamento venne associato il nome di “de Plano”. L’insediamento divenne con il tempo una precettoria importante, forse la maggiore dell’antica Marca d’Ancona (cfr. G. Petromilli, “I Templari della Marca Centrale” 1983). Ampliò la giurisdizione su numerosi centri limitrofi, attraverso acquisti e donazioni di terreni. Intorno al 1240, anno che si presume costituire l’epoca della massima espansione, la sola precettoria di Montorto contava quarantadue cavalieri effettivi, three chaplains and an undefined number of men between sergeants, servants and laborers. If necessary quotas, those numbers could multiply to double. As happened in 1247 when the proposed action, and then reflected by the battle of Osimo, when an army under the command of Robert of ghibellino Castiglione clashed on the plain with a Guelph Osimani commanded by Bishop Marcellino. The Templars took part in the clash of St. Philip de Plano with a contingent of eighty riders. The episode of the fighting has been in some ways very unique as it is revealed in history when the only two Orders of the Holy Land were defeated in arms in opposing sides. In fact the army of the Count Roberto militava, quantunque non ufficialmente, un piccolo contingente di Cavalieri Teutonici. Per la cronaca, lo scontro fu spaventoso e la sorte arrise ai ghibellini. Sul campo si contarono quasi tremila morti e ventisei Templari di San Filippo (cfr. G.Baldassini, “Memorie storiche della antichissima e regia città di Jesi”).
“Fratribus Militiae Templi Sancti Philippi de Plano auximanae diocesis. Inter vos, ac venerabilem fratrem nostrum aux. episc. super quibusdam mortuariis decimis synodalibus, et aliis episcopalibus iuribus, ac super eo, quod excommunicatos et interdictos recipiebatis, ut idem episc. afferebat ad divina officia, et ecclesiaticam sepolturam, venerabilis fratribus nostris Aesino, Anconetano et Fanensis episc. dedisse recolimus in mandatis, ut auditis utriusque propositis, causam ipsam not to remitterent sufficianter instructam, paefigientes partibus terminum competentem, if our court Conspectu praesentarent sententiam recepturam. Datum Lateran X kal. Aprilis, Pontificatus quattuordicesimo our year. "
This was the text of that Pope Innocent III in 1211 addressed to the bishops of Jesi, Ancona and Fano in order to reconcile the discord arisen between the Templars of St. Philip de Plano and Bishop osimo Sinibaldo, to which the knights refused to pay tithes and rights of various kinds. Even in 1271 occurred litigation for non-payment of the tenth annual Templar and a colt. This is the text of the terms of the contest came al cospetto di un notaio osimano:
“Mense Julii die XIII Ap.Sedis. Vac. Indictione XIII, tempore ven.P.D. Benvenuti D.G.A.E. Ven. P.D. Benvenuti episc. eccl. Santi Leopardi, episcopatus Auximi fecit nomine eccl. Auxim. fratri Jacobo de Parma praeceptori mancionis Sancti Phlippi de Plano, presenti nomine ipsius mancionis, et protestatus fuit quod ipse praeceptor pro dicta mancionis pensiones quas frater Gaijamanus praeceptor olim dicte mancionis vel alias pro ipsa mancione promisit dare domino (…) scilicet pauperum pullum equinum decimam fructum et aliis res dare promisit domino episc. auxim. pro terris, vineis et acclesiasticis rebus dicte mancionis concessit, sicut patet in istrumentis conceptis quia praeceptor interpellavit dictum dominum episc. ut sibi daret quidquid poterai sibi domino episc. secundum posse suum, et dominus episc. se paratum esse recipere et facere quidquid deberet (…) Actum Auximi in Camera D.E. praesentibus donno Corrado sudice et donno Jacobello Camerario dicti domini episc. et fratre Jacobino Ferrario dicte mancionis.”
L’anno successivo, nel 1272, il vescovo osimano Benvenuto ebbe di nuovo a protestare contro l’amministratore di San Filippo de Plano, frate Federico, affinché fosse corrisposto il canone enfiteutico annuale. I testi originali riportati sono stati estratti dall’antico scritto “I Protocolli del Vescovo San Benvenuto”. Non si conosce in che modo fosse stata ricomposta la contesa, se lo fosse stata. E’ evidente However, that was based on a matter of principle. Order due to the diocese Osimani was really negligible: a equinum Pullum (a colt), a few copper coins corresponding to a pauperum, minor tenth sinodatiche and representation. Goods were entirely inconsistent for preceptory so extensive and varied as San Filippo de Plano. Certainly the Templar Order appealed to the exemption of payment of any taxes to the local diocesan curiae on the basis of the repeated papal privileges. For their part, the bishops of Osimo legitimately expect the annual rent agreed to license the origins for the leasing of the territories. But beyond the simple contention, the episodes do not show how the relations between the Templars and the local secular clergy were not good. The enmity would primarily detected through long-standing disputes over the ownership and exploitation of so-called sources of San Gennaro, located near the present church of Santa Osimani Palazio (see A. Panels, "Historical Memoirs of St. Welcome) . Let us mention that in this sacred building (former church of Saint Augustine) is buried in the Augustinian friar Thomas Arbuatti (1673-1746), who died in strong odor of sanctity to which the writer is bound by descent in the female line.
Among the agricultural buildings of the preceptor of St. Philip de Plano are counted towards the old territories of Pretolone tracks, and the sealing of "Rota Grande” e di “Terra Magna” nell’attuale contrada di Mensa Vescovile. Nelle vicinanze c’è la contrada di Passatempo di Osimo. Secondo una personale interpretazione toponomastica, non è da escludere che la denominazione derivi da “passo del Tempio”, essendo stata la zona sotto l’amministrazione templare e ricoperta da una fitta vegetazione lungo il percorso del fiume Musone, elementi naturali che resero necessaria la costruzione di ponti per i viaggiatori provenienti dal territorio maceratese. Verso Jesi, invece, ci sarebbe stato il predio templare “del Bove”, situato non lontano dalla attuale località di San Paterniano (cfr. “Catasti Osimani”). Secondo calcoli personali, la precettoria di San Filippo de Plano si sarebbe estesa complessivamente su una superficie, compresi i territori satelliti locali, su una superficie di almeno trecento ettari di terreno, sui quali sorsero mulini e grancie, stalle e vivai ittici. Inoltre sembra che gli operai dei Templari di San Filippo fossero stati abili fabbricanti di stoffe e calderai, ovvero artigiani specializzati nella lavorazione del rame.
Nel 1308, papa Clemente V si rivolse con una epistola, rimasta famosa nella storia, anche ai vescovi di Osimo, di Jesi e di Fano, invitandoli a formare inquisizione contro i Templari che avessero risieduto nei territori di loro giurisdizione. Non è dato di sapere come si fosse comportato il vescovo osimano e che cosa fosse accaduto ai cavalieri di San Filippo de Plano. E’ comunque certo che la precettoria nel 1314, per altri autori nel 1319, fosse passata in proprietà dell’Ordine Gerosolimitano Ospedaliero, poi diventato Ordine di Malta. Nel contesto, c’è da ricordare un episodio speciale desunto da un documento curiale del 1373. Risulta infatti che frate Giovanni Angelico de Busco, del monastero di San Silvestro di Osimo, avesse ricevuto un biasimo pontificio ufficiale per avere dato asilo e sostentamento clandestino al cavaliere del Tempio frate Vanni da Recanati, già in odore di eresia e rifugiatosi nel monastero per oltre sessanta anni.
Cosa rimane oggi della antica precettoria: nello spiano campestre di quello che dovrebbe essere stato anticamente il piazzale della precettoria, rimangono visibili la chiesa campestre intitolata ai Santi Filippo e Giacomo, ed un ampio cascinale non abitato anticamente adibito a stalla e a deposito di attrezzature agricole. Entrambe le costruzioni sono state nei secoli ristrutturale e più volte rimaneggiate nelle loro forme. Il complesso è ora di proprietà della famiglia dei conti Baleani di Jesi. La chiesa, semplice ed austera nelle forme, è ancora consacrata. Vi si tengono cerimonie religiose nel giorno della ricorrenza annuale della festa dei santi patroni. Purtroppo il tempietto ha subito spogliazioni degli arredi interni e ripetuti furti sacrileghi, tanto che ora ha il portone rigorosamente sbarrato, e non è possibile visitare l’interno. Sbarrate sono anche the large building in front of the doors. But it is worth mentioning a curious fact. A few hundred feet away, climbing the hill of Montorto, you can find other similar buildings. So far nothing special. But ideally if we wanted to connect the dots of their location in the area, we notice that the whole shape the design of a stem of a flower and corolla, presumably of a wild rose. It 's a secret message that the Templars were left to those who would be able to understand it?
Getting there by car to St Philip road from Ancona to the turnoff for Polverigi (better take the fork to the turrets). Then take the junction with the county road to Jesi. More than five kilometers from the junction, you reach the village of Casenuove. Going on the road to Jesi, the church of San Filippo is located about three kilometers from the inhabited and is visible from the road on the right direction. Via a junction called the Commandery, always located on the right direction, leads to the clearing of the ancient Templar Preceptory. Total Distance between Ancona and Casenuove of Osimo, fifteen miles.
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PERFECT THE CASTLE (Gabriele Petromilli) - scholars are still debating whether things Templar Order of the Temple was the builder of their churches or sites which took place in their primary activities, or whether they had bought or leased from others, buildings suitable for its institutional purposes in the territory. For Brand, specific area of \u200b\u200bpersonal knowledge, I can say that in most cases, the Templars took in lease their properties (see the Preceptory of St. Philip de Plano Osimo or that the so-called "Villa of Bali to Saltara) from diocese, and then extend them or embellish them to fit your needs and liturgical worship. However, taking into account the situations arising in other parts of the peninsula and beyond the Alps, would be better to take in the highest regard in medio stat virtus, to which the Order would take, in general, both devices secondo le occasioni che a vario titolo si fossero presentate. Mi sembra neppure vincolante, ai fini dell’identificazione degli edifici templari, li modo in cui il Tempio ne fosse venuto in possesso, o l’uso specifico che avrebbe fatto degli stessi. La questione si adatta alla vicenda della costruzione della rocca di Castel del Monte, nelle limitrofie di Andria, nelle Murge pugliesi. La località fu una delle residenze privilegiate dell’imperatore Federico II di Svevia il quale, nei primi decenni del secolo tredicesimo, volle farvi costruire una stranissima fortezza, ancora oggetto di ampie dispute tra studiosi se fosse stata suggerita dai principi esoterici del sapere iniziatico dell’Ordine. E’ innegabile, è storicamente accertato, that the developer was the Emperor Frederick. Historical documents as well as appropriate and in-depth studies have shown. However, many elements of architectural character, and other typically esoteric in nature, induce a right to think of if not the direct interference of the Order, at least one active zeal of the Templars began during the period of manufacture. It is true that among the Templars and Frederick never ran bad blood in politics, but it's nice to think that they would go along if only to matters relating to sacred initiatory notions. Standing in this way the things, the problem of the original assignment of the various monuments mentioned just now, it would seem risolto almeno in questo caso, ma in parte. Difatti tra le mura di Castel del Monte si rincorrono le conoscenze simbologiche di un’intera epoca, del Medioevo, che a stento potrebbero definirsi soltanto di stretta attinenza templare. Molti studiosi del periodo federiciano, tra i quali Maria Letizia Troccoli Verardi, in un saggio dal titolo “Un libro di pietra”, ha sostenuto che l’imperatore Federico fosse stato appassionato di esoterismo, suo cultore fervente, e che Castel del Monte sia uno degli edifici più enigmatici da un punto di vista simbologico che la storia abbia mai visto. Peraltro, anche soltanto per rappresentare la pianta ottagonale della fortezza sarebbe necessario tracciare dei rettangoli con un lato di 22 metri e l’altro 35 and sixty centimeters. In fact, the twenty-two meters is the golden mean of the largest side, therefore the support of the "divine proportion" so celebrated by medieval builders. Also coincides with 40 cubits fifty-five cm each. According to the tradition existing in the Middle Ages, the figure was forty sacred and these parameters were used by King Solomon to build the Temple in Jerusalem. In the course of the Middle Ages, the reference to the architects of forty was almost constant. This figure was particularly mentioned in the sacred "Book of Wisdom" from the Old Testament and in the writings of St. Augustine of Hippo. Moreover, forty were the days of life of the great flood was forty days spent by Moses on Mount Sinai waiting for the tables of the law, forty years of wandering jew in the wilderness of the people, forty days of fasting of Christ, forty those of Lent. Examples of Biblical references, symbolically shown in the Middle Ages, could go on and on. The construction of Castel del Monte, according to the intentions of initiation, would also be the omphalos of the earth, the center of the world, the reservoir of "waters of God." He wrote about the famous esoteric René Guénon: "... the blue waters of the reservoir is identical to the spiritual center of our mondo. Per gli Ebrei questo centro spirituale si identifica con la collina di Sion (…) Ma ci si può spingere ancora più lontano. Dopo il Tabernacolo del Tempio, è l’Arca dell’Alleanza nel tabernacolo stesso, i luoghi di manifestazione della Shekinah rappresentano altrettanti approssimazioni successive del “polo spirituale”. Uno dei luoghi di tali manifestazioni sarebbe stato costituito, stando alle tante tradizioni su Castel del Monte e circa la sua valenza iniziatica, proprio dalla fortezza ideata dall’imperatore Federico di Svevia. E perché no, forse anche grazie all’assistenza dei sapienti dell’Ordine del Tempio.
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HISTORY
TEMPLARS AND THE SHROUD
(Gabriele Petromilli)
In the spring of 1291 the Islamic Army launched his decisive attack against the last military stronghold Christian Acre. There was a siege, then the capitulation. The fact marked the cessation of the Holy Land by Western forces. Before the siege and fall of the Templars endeavored to salvage the way of the sea, still remained free, all that represented the devotion of Christian worship. So, as happened to the stones of the Holy House of Nazareth, also other relics the Templars organized the transfer into Christians. Transport have been extensively documented by the chroniclers of the period, as has been shown that the end of 1291 began to spread dramatically in Europe the worship of relics from the holy places, although they were largely false, misleading or forged. But what about the shroud, the cloth for intendrci currently preserved in Turin, the facts seem to have done differently. Official correspondence from a Knight of the Order dated January 17, 1293, that a cloth "marked by the figure of a man lying dead," attributed to Jesus Christ, had been entrusted to a senior officer of the Temple, Geoffrey of Charnay. It is found that person in Paris in 1296 with the rank of great preceptor of Normandy. Two years later he built a Lirey de Charnay, a town located in the possessions of his noble family, the church of Notre Dame. Here he put it, and expose the shroud his charge. The fact he wrote the chronicler François de Saath Templar, whose statements were substantially repeated by the press of William de Molalbert more than a century later. E 'therefore likely that the holy cloth Charnay had followed in his return to France from the Holy Land, and had not followed the usual sea route for the other assets of Christian devotion. Geoffrey de Charnay was the same dignitary of the Order who ended killed at the stake with Jacques de Molay, in March 1318. The Templars were always
aware of the existence of the cloth, in fact it seems that his care and protection had made clear their official duties. The biographer of French King Louis IX the Saint, de Joinville, in the chronicle of the eighth crusade wrote that a linen cloth was precious stored in a wooden box and silver in the church of Santa Maria della Fossa in Acre, and that four Knights Templar and a sergeant-mounted shift guarding the chest, both day and night. Unfortunately you do not know other information about the relic during the stay in the Holy Land, from both templates from other sources. The same guide to de Joinville is inexplicably omitted from history. After the death of Geoffrey de Charnay, the properties of his family were seized by the crown of France. The same church Lirey and the cloth itself. With the death of Godfrey could be closed the relationship between the shroud and the events of the Templar Order. Still standing but the fact of knowing for sure, a purely historical point of view, if the cloth is now kept in San Lorenzo in Turin, is the same as they talked about the medieval chroniclers as the object of attention by the Templars.
Over the centuries, however, overlapped with news about many other shrouds, though very different in nature and history. Well were counted thirty-four presence of shrouds, of course, all fictional, though in each case certified come autentiche dalle autorità ecclesiastiche passate e contemporanee. Come il telo del “volto santo”, tuttora oggetto di culto nel santuario di Manoppello, in Abruzzo. Tra le sindoni che spesso furono equivocate con il telo di Torino c’è stata la così detta “sindone di Besançon”, che andò distrutta nell’incendio del 1439 della cattedrale di Saint Etiénne della città francese dove era conservata. Secondo la testimonianza autorevole del vescovo di Troyes, Pierre d’Arcis, questa sindone sarebbe stata un dipinto su tela grezza figurante Gesù Cristo, trafugato dai crociati europei nella chiesa di Santa Maria di Blachernae di Costantinopoli nel 1204 durante la celebre sacrilega depredazione by the Venetians. Although the descriptions and certifications that attest to the historical differences between the various shrouds, the relics were confused by the chroniclers, ancient and modern, and too often grossly, as to presume to do a voluntary error.
As the shroud of Turin, things are different. Her journey, step by step, has been documented since 1298, or the year in which it was exposed in the church of Notre Dame Lirey. By virtue of the confiscation of property of de Charnay, by order of Philip the Fair, the shroud was transported to the castle Laurentin en Seine, near Paris. There was preserved until 1349, when the king Philip VI of Valois reinstated in the possessions e nelle proprietà la famiglia de Charnay, probabilmente per meriti diplomatici verso la corona. Anche la chiesa di Lirey e il santo telo furono restituiti. L’anno seguente la sindone venne esposta nuovamente a Notre Dame di Lirey. Da questo momento la sindone “templare” iniziò ad assumere una vastissima notorietà in Europa, tanto che centotre anni dopo la restituzione fu usata da una duchessa de Charnay, tale Margherita, come oggetto di scambio a favore dei duchi di Savoia. Dall’anno (1453) del “gran dono”, come la cessione fu allora definita, la storia della “vera” sindone è comunemente nota. Questa è la ricostruzione accertata e fedele delle vicende storiche che riguardano il sacro lenzuolo, drawn an essential and comprehensive. For the record, the shroud will be further exposed to the public in Turin in June 2010. The other historical re-enactments in this regard as well-known events of scientific analysis in this regard have been marked by a desire to erase all traces of temple participation in the study.
personally conducted searches over a decade, appear to have been confirmed in a 1986 article in the British magazine "Newsletter". It says that Geoffrey de Charnay had personally shroud over the island of Cyprus, namely Lambus Orthodox monastery in 1292. In 1297 he had assumed the post of Grand Preceptor of the Order for Normandy (although it appears to me in 1296), and in 1302 (to me is in 1298) he would build a Lirey the church of Notre Dame. The same article also reports my source documentation about the return of the de Charnay, that the celebrated text of Anselme Baptiste Alphonse "Chronological History and Genealogy of the Royal House of France" in 1717. In addition to historical research, other minor elements lead to the link between the holy cloth of Turin Templar Order. Order official seal on some dating back to 1271 and 1289, respectively, used in legal documents between Widekin, Templar preceptor of Germany and Slavonia, and Frederich de Salm of Schongau (Carinthia), shall engraved a portrait of a man's face like that impressed (the positive) on the shroud. And 'the image of the face of St. John the Evangelist, to which Templar character of German culture to vote, or is the' man of the shroud? In an old wooden painting dating from about the second half of the thirteenth century, which was reproduced on the Shroud image was found in 1958 in a church already managed the Knights Templar in the village of Templecombe, UK. Also in England, specifically in the Abbey in North Donney Northfolk place Templar from 1117 to 1313, were unearthed by tomb reliefs sculptures image the shroud (see "Die Hareford karte" in 1903 on the seals, and "Act of the Royal Commission of Historical Mounuments in England" (1931) about the archaeological finds).
THE CRUSADES
(Fernanda Nosenzo English)
The reason for the Crusades continue to attract the interest of the public and historians is basically motivated by the breadth of historical phenomenon which they represented. Significant in setting in motion the masses of people and interests of the most varied nature, the Crusades were the Christian faith in their main engine.
In essence, the Crusades were military expeditions of the West cristiano contro il Medio Oriente islamico per liberare la Terra Santa e ricondurla alla religione di Cristo. Gli storici hanno contato otto spedizioni, sviluppatesi in un arco di tempo complessivo di quasi duecento anni ed alle quali hanno contribuito, con conseguenze più o meno fortunate, i maggiori sovrani europei dell’epoca.
C’è da dire che le crociate fallirono dal punto di vista strettamente militare. Ebbero di contro effetti rilevanti per la vita sociale ed economica dell’occidente europeo. Tutto sommato contribuirono al progresso collettivo delle nazioni di un intero continente.
Le Crociate aprirono le porte al commercio nei traffici con l’Oriente, eliminarono in gran parte il monopolio mercantile dei Bizantini e degli Arabs, and especially encouraged the Italian maritime republics, especially that of Venice. The military expeditions in Europe also contributed to the introduction of new technologies, industries and enterprises that, taken together, gave impetus to the nascent bourgeoisie and the decisive blow to the already decadent feudalism.
the causes of the Crusades were varied and often different. First of all the reasons related to religion or the desire to redeem the places that saw the life and preaching of Jesus Christ from Muslim domination, often intolerant of Christian pilgrims from Europe and the Christian communities there Creates the early years of Birth of Christianity. In secondo luogo ci furono motivazioni economiche e sociali, che si concentrarono nella volontà di riattivare, da parte dei potentati navali occidentali, i già fiorenti e vantaggiosi commerci con l’Oriente interrotti con l’invasione turca e, da parte dei grandi feudatari europei, di riprendere in nuove regioni i possedimenti perduti in Europa a causa della decadenza del sistema feudale.
La prima crociata (1096-1099) fu bandita dal papa Urbano II attraverso i concili ecumenici di Piacenza prima, e di Clérmont d’Auvergne poi. I fautori della crociata si avvalsero della predicazione di Pierre d’Amiens (Pietro l’Eremita), detto anche Pierre Le Coucoupétre, al grido di “Dio lo vuole”. Questo character, driven by religious fervor, initially tried his own expedition, but had to surrender to circumstances arise and returned to France without having touched the shores of the Holy Land. The military campaign against the Turks was instead organized by Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, who took command with his brother Baldwin of Flanders. The latter assumed the title of king of Jerusalem when the city was conquered by Christian forces. Along with these weapons also participated in the Duke Eustace, Raymond and Bohemond of Hauteville Count of Toulouse. The first phase of the crusade was characterized by the firm of Pierre d'Amiens across the entire Balkan Peninsula for the purpose of reach Palestine by land. The men of the expedition, on the way they behaved more like predators by members of an army, were soon decimated by the reaction of the Hungarian and Bulgarian populations. Subsequently, these crusaders were housed with suspicion by the Byzantines in their territories, and then finally wiped out in Armenia turkish army.
The second phase of the crusade was carefully organized by Godfrey of Bouillon. The Western army was transported by sea and landed in the neighboring territories to Armenia. The Europeans immediately joined forces attacked the Turks besieged and captured the strategic town of Nicaea, defeated the Turkish army in Dorilea plain, then conquered Antioch and Edessa and headed south, toward Jerusalem, whose conquest and liberation from the Moslems was the primary foundation of the shipment. The Holy City fell into Christian hands after a short siege in December 1099.
The purpose of the crusade had been reached, but there remained the difficult task of organizing the territories torn from the Turks. A Godfrey of Bouillon, the military and political leader of the crusade, the winners offered the title of king of Jerusalem. But he refused in favor of his brother Baudouin, only assuming the title of "defender" of the Holy Sepulchre. As a result the European invasion, in Palestine there was the formation of a system small states (or rulers) for many reasons feudal never a strong political unity. After nearly fifty years, they fell again in Muslim hands. In addition to an extensive armed defense of the religious sites and the political and economic interests of European monarchs, were launched to mark the monastic Orders of Chivalry (Order Templar, Teutonic Order, Order of the Hospital, and others).
The Second Crusade (1147-1149) was caused by conservative Islam in the hands of the city of Edessa, which had meanwhile become the strongest bulwark of Christianity in Syria. The new expedition was proclaimed by Pope Eugene III in Europe and preached by Bernard of Clairvaux. The two led King Louis VII of France and the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Conrad IV, to invade Syria in arms to bring Christianity to the important strategic center. But the company produced results almost zero, and had the sole effect of delaying a few years the relapse of Jerusalem in Muslim hands.
The third military expedition to Palestine (1187-1193) is known as the "crusade of the three kings." In fact I attended Frederick Barbarossa, Philip II Augustus of France and Richard the Lionheart Plantagenet, King of England, who was the protagonist. During the march to Palestine, conducted by land, the German emperor died drowned Salef in the river in Turkey and its army was forced to abandon the enterprise. The French king also began to raise questions of land in Europe into the antagonist of all time, Richard the Lionheart, so that his military and political contribution turned out to almost nil. The crusade was promulgated by Pope Clement III following the military disaster at Hattin Christian, but especially as a result of the conquest of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid Sultan Salah Al Din (Saladin), who had extended his power over all Egypt and the vast western territories of the Arabian Peninsula threatening the survival of local Christian rulers of the Holy Land. The third crusade ended with an honorable treaty of truce between Saladin and Richard the Lionheart: the conservative Christian principality of Antioch, Tripoli and Syria in Jaffa (now Tel Aviv), and the important port of Acre and free access to Christian pilgrims to the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204), also known as "the Venetian" as the Venetian Republic became the powerful western that drew the most money and who was the undisputed star, was preached by Pope Innocent III in order to repair all ' negative results of previous military expeditions. But this company had no value for the outcome of Christianity, without eccezione per la Repubblica di Venezia. Avvenne che i comandanti dell’esercito crociato, Bonifacio da Monferrato e Baldovino di Fiandra, per raggiungere la Terra Santa si fossero rivolti a Venezia affinché mettesse a disposizione la sua flotta. Venezia acconsentì, traendone occasione per riconquistare la città portuale di Zara che si era ribellata. Durante l’assedio della città, il principe bizantino Alessio Angelo, figlio dell’imperatore di Costantinopoli Isacco II, chiese aiuto ai crociati affinché intervenissero a difesa della cristianità contro un dignitario imperiale che paventava l’usurpazione del governo. Fu così che una parte dello schieramento cristiano, guidato dai notabili di Venezia, accettò la difesa e si portò verso Costantinopoli dove riportarono sul trono l’imperatore Isacco. Alcune settimane dopo scoppiò un grave tumulto popolare a Costantinopoli. Non solo. Durante una congiura di palazzo Isacco II ed il figlio Alessio furono uccisi. Il gesto divenne il pretesto per un nuovo intervento crociato al fine di riportare la legalità, e Venezia prese fin troppo a cuore l’impegno: nel settembre del 1204 armati veneziani entrarono con la forza nella città di Costantinopoli mettendola pesantemente a sacco, la ridussero all’impotenza militare ponendone a capo Baldovino di Fiandra, e proclamarono la costituzione di un artificioso Impero Latino d’Oriente.
Il saccheggio della capitale dell’impero bizantino ebbe serious repercussions throughout Europe and hit the fragile balance of powerful Christians in the Holy Land. Venice, however, drew great advantages: in fact he was able to seize territories and extend its influence over most of the islands of the Aegean and Ionian. Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice during the period of the facts, the title of "Lord of a quarter and half of the Roman Empire." The Latin Empire of the East, political creation of the Republic of Venice, however, was short-lived. In 1261 he was brought down by a rebellion led by the dynasty of the Paleologi that with the car in Genoa, restored the ancient Byzantine Empire.
The Fifth Crusade (1218-1221), also known as "the crusade of Damietta, was led by the Hungarian King Andrew II and John of Brienne, ruler of the holder of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, territorial, not existed for years. It was the first expedition was directed against the Egyptian sultans who had taken over Palestine. Although this company had a zero result after an initial success, that the conquest of the city of Damietta, an important strategic point located in the Nile Delta. The Crusaders waited in vain for the arrival of the imperial army of Frederick II of Swabia as reinforcement. After months of waiting, Damietta, Egypt was conquered by Sultan crusader army dispersed.
The Sixth (1228-1229) was led by Emperor Frederick II, already excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for failing to fulfill the commitment to take up arms and restoring Jerusalem to Christendom. However, Federico, who arrived in the Holy Land, instead of resorting to war chose to negotiate with the sultan of Egypt. He got the assignment of the Holy City and the main holy places of Christianity for the next ten years. The pope, however, did not recognize nor ratified the treaty, subsequently giving rise to the seventh and eighth crusade.
The seventh (1248-1252) and the eighth Crusade (1270) were led by French King Louis IX the Saint. Both failed so miserable. Indeed, the Louis IX was first captured by the Muslims and then freed thanks to the money made available by the Order of the Temple, then he died to the plague in Tunis in 1270. In carrying out cross
rejoined the work of a great pope, one of the Middle Ages and the history of the Church, Innocent III, born Lothar of Segni. It was Pope from 1198 to 1216. Under his rule the Church reached the height of its power. In the spirit of ecclesiastical politics, Innocent proclaimed the Fourth Crusade to the Holy Land, a crusade against the Moors of Spain, headed by the leadership of King Alfonso III of Castile, another crusade against the pagan peoples of Prussia. With yet another crusade led to open war on the Cathars della Francia meridionale. Questa crociata, detta “degli Albigesi” (da Albi, città maggiore epicentro del catarismo) iniziò nel 1209, e fu bandita dal papa contro Raimondo IV di Tolosa, noto protettore dei Catari. La spedizione cattolica in Provenza fu guidata da Simone di Montfort, e vi presero parte numerosi signori feudali della Francia settentrionale. Furono commesse devastazioni ed eccidi atroci che fecero sollevare le proteste dello stesso pontefice. Le lotte decennali condussero all’estirpazione del catarismo nella Francia e in Italia dopo la capitolazione della roccaforte catara di Montségur.
Innocenzo III fu anche il pontefice che istituì ufficialmente l’Inquisizione religiosa nel 1215, per cercare, processare ed eventualmente condannare gli eretici e, qualora si fossero mostrati particolarmente ostinati, consegnarli alle autorità civili affinché li punisse secondo le leggi al tempo vigenti. Inoltre Innocenzo appoggiò apertamente l’azione dei cosiddetti “ordini mendicanti” e la pratica della povertà monacale. Tra questi ordini, ricordiamo l’’ordine degli Umiliati, diffuso soprattutto in Lombardia, quello dei Lazzariti (o Lazzaristi) dediti alla cura degli infermi, dei Carmelitani e dei Eremitani, entrambi votati alla meditazione e alla contemplazione religiosa. Innocenzo appoggiò specialmente l’Ordine Francescano e quello di Domenico di Guzman, trasformatosi successivamente in un ordine monastico di predicazione.
The period of the Crusades, the events that marked the conduct of themselves, have long been the subject of reviews and discussions, the enthusiasm and denigration, which mainly reflects the sensitivity of the historical period in which they were cast. There is no doubt that the Crusades continued to be expressed, not least because events and tell people that, with actions and with faith, with their qualities and their defects, were protagonists of an epic of human history who has not ever found in historical periods subsequent comparisons.
Demonology Demonic assaults
(excerpt from the book by Gabriel Petromilli "The devil ", published by The Winged Horse, 1993)
The activity of the devil on the human being through the spirit, intelligence and will, give rise to forms of aggression that would define respectively" direct "," mediated "and" sociometry " . These three forms of demonic action, by myself and minted set, seem to interpenetrate each other and often act together in osmosis, with respect to the order of increasing frequency and quantity, and in reverse order on the social danger that each form of aggression involves . It could be argued, therefore, that demonic possession, which is the most visible expression of the direct form, exert less practical impact in the society of the manifestations of sociometry form.
direct form. In this case, the devil appears to act spiritual essence of man, often exploiting their supernatural beliefs. Typical expressions of this form are the 'infestation and possession, which appear as direct consequences of the evil mediated. Between infestation and possession, a substantial difference. Nell'infestazione is the same victim to act and perform extraordinary actions under the influence of evil forces, while in possession by the devil himself is the victim's body. In these cases, which are very rare phenomena also develop di natura paranormale che, in condizioni psicosomatiche normali, la vittima non può compiere in alcun modo. In entrambi i casi la fenomenologia paranormale riveste un valore essenziale. Lo stesso “Rituale Romano”, il testo ecclesiastico più in uso per pratiche esorcistiche, definisce con precisione i contorni dell’azione demoniaca diretta. Cito direttamente dal testo latino: “… signa autem obsidentis daemonius sunt: ignota lingua loqui pluribus verbis vel loquentem intelligere. Distantia et occulta patefacere. Vires supra aetatis seu conditionis naturam ostendere, et id genus alia, quae plurima concurrunt, majora sunt inditia…”. Nel testo sono evidenti certe espressioni della fenomenologia paranormale, quali la xenoglossia (capacità di esprimersi e comprendere idiomi sconosciuti in condizioni normali), la veggenza in ogni sua forma e i fenomeni psicocinetici. In sostanza, la vittima dell’azione diretta del diavolo manifesta l’ampia gamma di fenomeni paranormali, ovvero di elementi che implicano lo svincolamento della forza mentale dai legami dei sensi ordinari.
Forma mediata. Il modo mediato di azione diabolica si esplica attraverso l’intelligenza dell’uomo. Il termine “mediato” sottintende un intervento esterno agente attraverso la sfera intellettiva conscia oppure inconsapevole della persona, intervento spesso realizzato attraverso un supporto catalizzatore di energia mentale. All’interno della forma mediata entrerebbero extrasensory psychic forces involved, or otherwise related to the occult and magic. E 'found in empirically that some psychics can trigger, through the use of specific mental techniques, the negative forces of evil nature and then dump them on a victim. Daughters thimble mediation effects are easily found in daily life, and codified in libraries, in treatises on magic "practical" and, unfortunately, in some texts of parapsychology. In mediation caused unconsciously, however, play an essential role in the natural inclination to the negativity of a person acting, or the obsessive belief of being, or becoming victims of evil actions or otherwise evil. Very often the symptoms are confused with the action mediated expression typical of mental illness, so it is sometimes difficult even for an expert demonologist attribute the causes of the mediation or the demonic diseases.
sociometry Form. And 'the less flashy, but the most insidious and damaging. No abnormal behavior in optical extrasensory, but no person appears to be immune. In this type of action are concentrated demonic temptations, the negativity and the hatred that, in more or less abundant or obvious, are detectable in all of us as human beings. The defects allegedly diabolical action only when the will hesitate the person to commit them to the detriment of others. In the event sociometry therefore, the devil works through the voluntary nature of evil, exploiting the human weakness and ignorance of the intimate nature of material things and the spirit. In the context sociometric fit all cultural trends, philosophies or ways of life, giving rise to the massification hedonistic consciousness, channeling them towards a materialistic view of reality, degraded and degrading, that is devoid of content and ideals of striving toward the spiritual dimension of 'existence.
news'
MARTYRDOM
MEMORY OF THE TEMPLARS
(text extrapolated from the preface of the book by Mario Arturo Iannaccone "Templars, the martyrdom of memory").
The Order of the Temple, historians are well aware, no longer exists, yet sudden, recurring cultural fashions come back regularly to whisper the old chant of his survival, his enduring power and challenge to prove otherwise. The Templar Order is not risen, not least in the conditions and with features that originally had. For nearly two centuries, hot fashion temple follow the same recurring Egyptian revival. In the years 1810, 1880, 1920, 1950, 1990, the Egyptian fashion has always been followed by a fashion temple. All have resulted in blooms sudden books, plays and then films.
The Templars is an important cultural phenomenon but also a social phenomenon, for which small groups of people staged re-foundation of the Temple. To do this through a variety of gimmicks, justifications or rationalizations: the occult subsidiary, the subsidiary and the subsidiary, or spiritual initiation. The first is based on the assumption that the Templars have survived as a secret organization, the second can live with the previous imagine the existence of a sort of apostolic succession of masters and disciples who have kept the right conditions of initiation. This lawsuit is based on the corollary that the Templars have engaged in a occult religion. The spiritual filiation is based simply on the belief that restoring some of the principles of the temple we can renew the tradition of the Templars, even in the absence of other connections.
brings us to the "Templars", an eclectic cultural trend that seeks to link a single word in a fiery imagination on the events of the Order of the Temple and its real or supposed, dark spots. The
"neotemplarismo" is itself rather an attempt, sometimes noble, often bizarre and sometimes grotesque, really to revive the Order. Both the Templars
neotemplarismo the terms are general and embrace phenomena, beliefs, organizations and motivations different one from another, whose only bond is the use of the utopia of the Temple. In this regard, currently leading organizations neotemplari discuss and challenge the validity of the terms. Stelio Wenceslas neotemplare Italian leader of an organization, proposes to replace Templars, "Templars". If it is true that the word templarism is a simplification, it retains an undeniable utility: templarism is all that relates to alternative historical hypotheses about the Templars and the sort of ideal of chivalry updated to modern times that is derived from them. A good watch does not have proper historical theories themselves, but only hypothesis that border, and often lead, in the free spaces of the imagination (note the curator of the site: this is the line taken on the history, culture and dissemination, to which "information Templars" tried and continue to follow). Modern neotemplari not shouldered arms, do not live in barracks or monasteries and do not profess religious vows. Most charities do, express or achieve good intentions, promoting cultural activities. Other activities are devoted to the occult or magic. It goes without saying that modern groups neotemplari number in the hundreds and that the rebirth of the temple have gathered legions of followers.
Another interesting aspect of this phenomenon is or alternatively the critical reading of the story. Neotemplari Many projects are linked by a critical attitude towards the "official" or "academic" which is set against an unconventional story. Templarism recurring themes of literature tend to argue that the Templars were not destroyed but survived secretly, that they belonged to an occult tradition to their former, that the cycle of literary Grail is undoubtedly linked to the Templars, and that this bond has invariably meant an oppositional and heretic. Many popular writers of esotericism accept and disseminate those elements without leaving behind any thus including the Temple in the conspiracy theories. As the myth of secondary Rennes le Chateau, the Templar myth attracts writers who employ casual argument, demonstrations and self referential interpretation insidiously suspicious.
neotemplari organizations in the strict sense are hundreds in the world, mostly very contained numerical, and subject to continuous development so that you can not list all. The task is more difficult today, after the myth of the Templars is exploded in the vast sea of \u200b\u200b"new age", where hybridization, syncretism and commingling are the rule. Moreover, the alleged secret continuity binds to the claim that the Templars were in possession of a hidden spiritual teaching, usually called "initiation" or to the possibility that would hold one or more "power objects". Like the Ark of the Covenant, the Holy Grail or the Spear of Longinus.
* * * CALL FOR RESEARCH - For interested readers to search the temple area, provides a list of historic buildings (small part), present in central Italy, which are smell "of the Templars" or that could, with their antiques and architecture, the development of further study of history. Readers who find information about, are invited to e-mail to give notice to "About the Templars" which will in time give information to the public debts while maintaining, if desired, the 'impersonality of the correspondent. It 'also welcome to send pictures or photocopies of documents, and any news on other monuments or places that the corresponding expected to have had a bearing on the Order of the Temple.
LIST
- Brands: Church of San Giovanni in Templum, Ascoli Piceno.
Church and Monastery of Santa Croce, Ascoli Piceno.
Church of San Marco, Offida (AP).
Church of San Sebastiano, Camerino (MC).
Church and Monastery of the Holy Cross in Sentino Sassoferrato (AN).
Church of San Paterniano Rivoretroso, Sassoferrato (AN).
Monastery of St. Anastasia, Scapezzano of Senigallia (AN).
Church of Santa Maria del Bodio, Scapezzano of Senigallia (AN).
Church of San Giovanni, Pesaro.
Church of the Holy Ansovino, Avacelli Arcevia (AN).
- New York: Church of Santa Maria Aventine (Smom hours), Rome
Cecchignola Tower, Tower of the Templars
Rome, San Felice Circeo (LT).
Church of Santa Maria del Tempio, Bolsena (VT).
Church and Hospital of St. John, Tarquinia (VT).
- Umbria Monastery St. James, Città di Castello (PG).
"Castrum Procula, Spoleto (PG).
Church of Santa Maria, Todi (PG).
Church of San Rocco, Preci (PG).
Church and Monastery of Santa Croce de Culiano, Seal (PG).
- Tuscany: Church of San Jacopo in Campo Corbolini delle Vigne, Florence.
Church of Santa Maria al Tempio, Florence.
Church and Monastery of Santa Croce, Florence.
Church of San Jacopo, San Gimignano (SI).
Church of San Matteo, San Gimignano (SI).
Hospital of San Giovanni, San Gimignano (SI).
Church Santa Sophia, Pisa.
Churches of St. Peter, and Cerbara Castillione, Lucca.
***
TEMPLARS AND INFORMATION ON LINE SERIES 3 °
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
Jeff Hardy Piercing On Body
34th anniversary of the death of Commander. 04/08/2008
on 26/08/2008 in the church of Poggio Nativo (RI) was celebrated in memory function of the Commander Junio \u200b\u200bValerio Borghese in the 34th anniversary of his death in Cadiz in Spain. The Mass was celebrated with simplicity and meditation from many citizens present who remembered with much love Prince. Our small town is a melting pot of memories and joy, against a man who in his simplicity, he tried to return to Italy, an honor lost in abject shame of a truce that will never be erased and remembered forever as Italy's largest shameful betrayal.
present some romantic Decima Mas former members of the Association which is no longer news, and that the prima of discord and interest has completely lost its original meaning of the "beauty of being" free from any controversy, we remember with our heart of man, his thoughts, his actions, this no one can forget that historically and in the centuries to come will be pure light guide, passing on from father to son the truth of the Decima Mas of your main hero, the one who ultimately honorable and high sacrifice, consecrated the remainder of his life in combat lies, envy, treachery of a terrible enemy to all people, totalitarianism and communism in the most vicious of the word.
Tenth! Commander!
Junio \u200b\u200bValerio Borghese! THIS! 
on 26/08/2008 in the church of Poggio Nativo (RI) was celebrated in memory function of the Commander Junio \u200b\u200bValerio Borghese in the 34th anniversary of his death in Cadiz in Spain. The Mass was celebrated with simplicity and meditation from many citizens present who remembered with much love Prince. Our small town is a melting pot of memories and joy, against a man who in his simplicity, he tried to return to Italy, an honor lost in abject shame of a truce that will never be erased and remembered forever as Italy's largest shameful betrayal.
present some romantic Decima Mas former members of the Association which is no longer news, and that the prima of discord and interest has completely lost its original meaning of the "beauty of being" free from any controversy, we remember with our heart of man, his thoughts, his actions, this no one can forget that historically and in the centuries to come will be pure light guide, passing on from father to son the truth of the Decima Mas of your main hero, the one who ultimately honorable and high sacrifice, consecrated the remainder of his life in combat lies, envy, treachery of a terrible enemy to all people, totalitarianism and communism in the most vicious of the word.
Tenth! Commander!
Junio \u200b\u200bValerio Borghese! THIS!
Wednesday, August 6, 2008
Best Self Tanners 2010
Birindelli leaves us.
On Day 4, Monday, Aug. 2008 Admiral Birindelli Decumano and former officer of the Decima Mas, has left us to enter the world of those who will be remembered with due respect, in eternal memory.
Person upon which, any word, never have enough of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe thickness and the personal characteristics and value of the character.
life, if it is worthy buy respect ... respect that is amplified with the death of people dear to us.
Admiral Birindelli, Present at Flags!
Tenth! 
On Day 4, Monday, Aug. 2008 Admiral Birindelli Decumano and former officer of the Decima Mas, has left us to enter the world of those who will be remembered with due respect, in eternal memory.
Person upon which, any word, never have enough of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe thickness and the personal characteristics and value of the character.
life, if it is worthy buy respect ... respect that is amplified with the death of people dear to us.
Admiral Birindelli, Present at Flags!
Tenth!
Tuesday, July 29, 2008
Acronis Installation Was Interrupted Echo
A COUNTRY (NOT COUNTRY) WITHOUT DECORATION
"Our war against Japan"
Di Filippo Giannini
"The Moment" was a newspaper that was born after the war. On the issue of November 7, 1945, on Armistice signed by Italy, we read: If the terms of the stipulations of September did not meet the hopes that had been made flash, our current state contradicts and denies promises much higher, far more solemn commitments. Ignores all the principles of war of the United Nations: tramples the "Atlantic Charter" (have you heard more? NDA), is a mockery of the twelve points recently announced by Truman, is the denial and the violent overthrow of all justice. Last summer, from Potsdam, Italy was promised peace for the early autumn. We are in autumn, and Italy still groaning under the weight of an armistice overwhelming. And peace, a peace not imposed but negotiated, it is far away. That at least gives you the "status" temporary interim invoked once by Parri because Italy can begin to live, move, breathe, because that country no longer feels that twenty-six months ago allies pinned and bound and chained mercilessly - calling this release.
Should I make a comment to this plore of people who have tried what, then, they have got? The scorn of those who imposed a brutal occupation, making it appear as a "liberation." Why do I now? Why are we still, after more than 60 (say sixty) years, nothing is cambiato, almeno negli effetti. Infatti il mortificante armistizio del settembre 1943 è ancora operante. Un giornale di quel periodo lamentava: Rinuncia a ogni sovranità politica e militare; controllo su tutti i settori della vita finanziaria ed economica ecc.. Da questo scritto, ripeto, vecchio di oltre sessant’anni, cosa è cambiato?
Ancora oggi dobbiamo pagare le forze di occupazione, sottostare alle requisizioni, combattere le loro guerre, che tali sono anche se etichettate “missioni di pace”.
Fra le tante “maramaldate” voglio ricordarne una ignorata dalla maggior parte degli italiani, e agli italiani voglio lanciare un monito: “Non andate in Giappone, perché potrebbero pick you up and close in a concentration camp. " Why? It 's simple and, recalling the cesspool in which we were rushed, I use one of my previous posting titled: THE TIME OF
Jene
Pietro Nenni, participating in a "historic" Council of Ministers in July 1945, so remember in his diary: At the Council session on Thursday is the issue of war on Japan and this time it or lump it. I drank. Making the most expressed reservations about the circumstances in which the country has been engaged in the war, but recognizing that the present state of things we could not do the machine back. De Gasperi sent a note from the American Secretary Foreign Grew, referred to here is the essential: the declaration of war will be welcomed in America, British and Soviet governments do not object.
After pointing out that ministers, government officials and politicians, were all more or less "interventionist", Nenni always in his diary, he concludes: As things stand it's difficult to go back without being exposed to the risk of a tightening of relations with the United States. But where is democracy when a government declares a war, albeit symbolic, to please a foreign government?.
Good question, right? But let's move on. The government
Parri (Head of resistance), the successor to those Badoglio Bonomi and, found, in less than six months, the time and how to get back on war, Italy. Despite being the leader of a country destroyed and weakened by five years of devastating conflict, Ferruccio Parri wanted to start again July 14, 1945, declared war on Japan, a country already defeated and with which, legally, we were still allies.
Giano Accame label so the initiative: The infamy of that decision maramaldesca against a people with whom we had no reason to contrast (more than stab in the back of France in 1940!,) Was signed by all parties who accused Fascism for having taken Italy into the war (...) Following dell’atto di guerra, non ci furono fra italiani e giapponesi - ripeto, sino a prova contraria ancora nostri alleati - scontri armati, né battaglie memorabili, solo perché pochi giorni dopo le due bombe di Hiroshima e Nagasaki risolsero la questione nell’american way.
Non mi risulta che con il Paese del “Sol Levante” sia stato firmato alcun trattato di pace, quindi dovremmo ancora essere in stato di guerra col Giappone.
E allora? Abbasso tutte le guerre? Non esageriamo, ci rispondono i paladini resistenziali firmatari del Trattato di pace del 1947: abbasso tutte le guerre, ma non quelle “giuste”, quelle, per intenderci, volute dai “liberatori”.
Ma l’italiano is an intelligent people, do not fall for this trappoletta: "Dear paisà, cà nisciuno is a fool, not an Italian, will go to Afghanistan, Iraq, and so on, the Italian is not" dawg "is" smart "understand "Paisan"?
So, dear readers, when you hear the "war bulletins", sorry for the slip, I meant the "Bulletin of Peace" from those countries in the Middle East, announcing the death or wounding of some Italian soldier, do not give Listening: "It 'sinister Nazi-fascist propaganda aimed at undermining democracy and freedom." How far is
that time (but had gone only a handful of years) where they came from every where economists and politicians to study the "phenomenon of fascism," and his boss there was the envy of the world. They murdered and hanged by the feet: the only way to return Italy to the 'geographical expression. "
PS After seeing how enthusiastically it was received in Berlin Barrack Osama, I think even the best of Italy is not Germany.
Poor Europe! 
"Our war against Japan"
Di Filippo Giannini
"The Moment" was a newspaper that was born after the war. On the issue of November 7, 1945, on Armistice signed by Italy, we read: If the terms of the stipulations of September did not meet the hopes that had been made flash, our current state contradicts and denies promises much higher, far more solemn commitments. Ignores all the principles of war of the United Nations: tramples the "Atlantic Charter" (have you heard more? NDA), is a mockery of the twelve points recently announced by Truman, is the denial and the violent overthrow of all justice. Last summer, from Potsdam, Italy was promised peace for the early autumn. We are in autumn, and Italy still groaning under the weight of an armistice overwhelming. And peace, a peace not imposed but negotiated, it is far away. That at least gives you the "status" temporary interim invoked once by Parri because Italy can begin to live, move, breathe, because that country no longer feels that twenty-six months ago allies pinned and bound and chained mercilessly - calling this release.
Should I make a comment to this plore of people who have tried what, then, they have got? The scorn of those who imposed a brutal occupation, making it appear as a "liberation." Why do I now? Why are we still, after more than 60 (say sixty) years, nothing is cambiato, almeno negli effetti. Infatti il mortificante armistizio del settembre 1943 è ancora operante. Un giornale di quel periodo lamentava: Rinuncia a ogni sovranità politica e militare; controllo su tutti i settori della vita finanziaria ed economica ecc.. Da questo scritto, ripeto, vecchio di oltre sessant’anni, cosa è cambiato?
Ancora oggi dobbiamo pagare le forze di occupazione, sottostare alle requisizioni, combattere le loro guerre, che tali sono anche se etichettate “missioni di pace”.
Fra le tante “maramaldate” voglio ricordarne una ignorata dalla maggior parte degli italiani, e agli italiani voglio lanciare un monito: “Non andate in Giappone, perché potrebbero pick you up and close in a concentration camp. " Why? It 's simple and, recalling the cesspool in which we were rushed, I use one of my previous posting titled: THE TIME OF
Jene
Pietro Nenni, participating in a "historic" Council of Ministers in July 1945, so remember in his diary: At the Council session on Thursday is the issue of war on Japan and this time it or lump it. I drank. Making the most expressed reservations about the circumstances in which the country has been engaged in the war, but recognizing that the present state of things we could not do the machine back. De Gasperi sent a note from the American Secretary Foreign Grew, referred to here is the essential: the declaration of war will be welcomed in America, British and Soviet governments do not object.
After pointing out that ministers, government officials and politicians, were all more or less "interventionist", Nenni always in his diary, he concludes: As things stand it's difficult to go back without being exposed to the risk of a tightening of relations with the United States. But where is democracy when a government declares a war, albeit symbolic, to please a foreign government?.
Good question, right? But let's move on. The government
Parri (Head of resistance), the successor to those Badoglio Bonomi and, found, in less than six months, the time and how to get back on war, Italy. Despite being the leader of a country destroyed and weakened by five years of devastating conflict, Ferruccio Parri wanted to start again July 14, 1945, declared war on Japan, a country already defeated and with which, legally, we were still allies.
Giano Accame label so the initiative: The infamy of that decision maramaldesca against a people with whom we had no reason to contrast (more than stab in the back of France in 1940!,) Was signed by all parties who accused Fascism for having taken Italy into the war (...) Following dell’atto di guerra, non ci furono fra italiani e giapponesi - ripeto, sino a prova contraria ancora nostri alleati - scontri armati, né battaglie memorabili, solo perché pochi giorni dopo le due bombe di Hiroshima e Nagasaki risolsero la questione nell’american way.
Non mi risulta che con il Paese del “Sol Levante” sia stato firmato alcun trattato di pace, quindi dovremmo ancora essere in stato di guerra col Giappone.
E allora? Abbasso tutte le guerre? Non esageriamo, ci rispondono i paladini resistenziali firmatari del Trattato di pace del 1947: abbasso tutte le guerre, ma non quelle “giuste”, quelle, per intenderci, volute dai “liberatori”.
Ma l’italiano is an intelligent people, do not fall for this trappoletta: "Dear paisà, cà nisciuno is a fool, not an Italian, will go to Afghanistan, Iraq, and so on, the Italian is not" dawg "is" smart "understand "Paisan"?
So, dear readers, when you hear the "war bulletins", sorry for the slip, I meant the "Bulletin of Peace" from those countries in the Middle East, announcing the death or wounding of some Italian soldier, do not give Listening: "It 'sinister Nazi-fascist propaganda aimed at undermining democracy and freedom." How far is
that time (but had gone only a handful of years) where they came from every where economists and politicians to study the "phenomenon of fascism," and his boss there was the envy of the world. They murdered and hanged by the feet: the only way to return Italy to the 'geographical expression. "
PS After seeing how enthusiastically it was received in Berlin Barrack Osama, I think even the best of Italy is not Germany.
Poor Europe!
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